Ãå±±½ûµØ

§¤§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§Ñ§ñ §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ú§è§Ñ §°§°§¯
§Á§Ù§í§Ü§Ú:

§¬§â§Ñ§ä§Ü§à §à§Ò §°§°§¯

§¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§î §Ó§ã§ä§â§Ö§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã §Ò§Ö§Ø§Ö§ß§è§Ñ§Þ§Ú §Ó §á§à§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ª§Þ§Ó§Ö§á§Ú, §À§Ø§ß§í§Û §³§å§Õ§Ñ§ß. §¶§à§ä§à §°§°§¯

§©§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ý§Ú §Ó§í?

§Á§Ó§Ý§ñ§ñ§ã§î §Ü§â§å§á§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ö§Û §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ö§Û, §°§°§¯ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ú§ä §á§Ý§à§ë§Ñ§Õ§Ü§à§Û §Õ§Ý§ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §ä§â§Ö§Ò§å§ð§ä §Ü§à§Ý§Ý§Ö§Ü§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §å§â§Ö§Ô§å§Ý§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ. §¡ §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ö§ä§Ö §Ý§Ú §Ó§í, §é§ä§à:

§°§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§í §à§Ò §°§°§¯

§©§Ñ§Ô§â§å§Ù§Ú§ä§Ö §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä§Ü§å «§°§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§í §à§Ò §°§°§¯». §£ §ß§Ö§Û §ß§Ñ§Ô§Ý§ñ§Õ§ß§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§í §è§Ú§æ§â§í §Ú §æ§Ñ§Ü§ä§í, §Ü§Ñ§ã§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §°§°§¯ §Ó §â§Ñ§Ù§Ý§Ú§é§ß§í§ç §ã§æ§Ö§â§Ñ§ç.


§©§Ñ§Ô§â§å§Ù§Ú§ä§î

25 §ã§Ö§ß§ä§ñ§Ò§â§ñ 2015 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ ¡ª §é§Ý§Ö§ß§í §°§°§¯ §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§Ý§Ú . §°§ß§Ñ §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä 17 §¸§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ð§ä §â§ñ§Õ §á§à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§Ö§Û, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§í §Ò§í§ä§î §Õ§à§ã§ä§Ú§Ô§ß§å§ä§í §Ó §ä§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö 15 §Ý§Ö§ä.

§£§Ñ§â§ê§Ñ§Ó§Ñ, §±§à§Ý§î§ê§Ñ, §Ó §â§å§Ú§ß§Ñ§ç §á§à§ã§Ý§Ö §£§ä§à§â§à§Û §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Û §Ó§à§Û§ß§í. §¶§à§ä§à §°§°§¯

§ª§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ñ §°§°§¯

§ª§Õ§Ö§ñ §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §°§°§¯ §Ó§à§Ù§ß§Ú§Ü§Ý§Ñ §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §£§ä§à§â§à§Û §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Û §Ó§à§Û§ß§í. §¯§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö ?§°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú?, §á§â§Ö§Õ§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§à§Ö §á§â§Ö§Ù§Ú§Õ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ §³§à§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §º§ä§Ñ§ä§à§Ó §¶§â§Ñ§ß§Ü§Ý§Ú§ß§à§Þ §¥. §²§å§Ù§Ó§Ö§Ý§î§ä§à§Þ, §Ò§í§Ý§à §Ó§á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Ö §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§î§Ù§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§à 1 §ñ§ß§Ó§Ñ§â§ñ 1942 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §¥§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ó§à §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §£§ä§à§â§à§Û §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§à§Û §Ó§à§Û§ß§í §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§Ú 26 §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §à§ä §Ú§Þ§Ö§ß§Ú §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó §á§â§à§Õ§à§Ý§Ø§Ñ§ä§î §ã§à§Ó§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§ß§å§ð §Ò§à§â§î§Ò§å §á§â§à§ä§Ú§Ó §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß §à§ã§Ú. §­§Ú§Õ§Ö§â§í §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ó§í§ç §Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§Ó §à§ã§à§Ù§ß§Ñ§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§Ñ §á§â§Ö§Õ§à§ä§Ó§â§Ñ§ë§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ü§à§ß§æ§Ý§Ú§Ü§ä§à§Ó §Ó §Ò§å§Õ§å§ë§Ö§Þ. §´§Ñ§Ü§Ú§Þ §Þ§Ö§ç§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Þ§à§Þ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ý§Ñ §°§°§¯.

§¤§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ-§é§Ý§Ö§ß§í §Ó§ß§à§ã§ñ§ä §Ó §Ò§ð§Õ§Ø§Ö§ä §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ã§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó §ã§à§à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Ú §ã§à §ê§Ü§Ñ§Ý§à§Û §Ó§Ù§ß§à§ã§à§Ó. §°§ß§Ñ §ã§ä§â§à§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ú §á§Ý§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ø§Ö§ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í, §Ó§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó§à§Ô§à §ß§Ñ§è§Ú§à§ß§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§à§Õ§å§Ü§ä§Ñ, §é§Ú§ã§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §³§ä§â§Ñ§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú, §Ó§ß§à§ã§ñ§ë§Ú§Þ§Ú §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§à§Û §Ó§Ù§ß§à§ã §Ó §Ò§ð§Õ§Ø§Ö§ä, §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §³§º§¡, §Á§á§à§ß§Ú§ñ, §¬§Ú§ä§Ñ§Û §Ú §¤§Ö§â§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ.

§±§Ñ§Þ§ñ§ä§ß§í§Ö §Õ§Ñ§ä§í §°§°§¯

§£ §°§°§¯ §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§í§Ö §Ú §Ó§ã§Ö§Þ§Ú§â§ß§í§Ö §Õ§ß§Ú §Ú §ß§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ú, §Ô§à§Õ§í §Ú §Õ§Ö§ã§ñ§ä§Ú§Ý§Ö§ä§Ú§ñ. §°§ß§Ú §á§à§ã§Ó§ñ§ë§Ö§ß§í §à§á§â§Ö§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ §Ú §á§â§Ú§Ù§Ó§Ñ§ß§í §á§â§Ú§Ó§Ý§Ö§é§î §Ó§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §ê§Ú§â§à§Ü§à§Û §à§Ò§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ü §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Þ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§Ñ§Þ §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §¢§à§Ý§î§ê§Ú§ß§ã§ä§Ó§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ú§ç §Õ§Ñ§ä §Ò§í§Ý§à §á§â§à§Ó§à§Ù§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ê§Ö§ß§à §á§à §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú, §Ñ §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§Ö ¡ª §á§à §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ§Þ §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§ç §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û §°§°§¯. §£ §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§ä§Þ§Ö§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ô§à§Õ§à§Ó§ë§Ú§ß§í §ã§à§Ò§í§ä§Ú§Û, §Ó§à§ê§Ö§Õ§ê§Ú§ç §Ó §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§ð.

§£§Ö§Ò-§ã§Ñ§Û§ä ?§£§ã§Ö §ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Ö §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§ß§à§Ö §à§Ò §°§°§¯? §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §Ü§â§Ñ§ä§Ü§Ú§Û §á§å§ä§Ö§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §á§à §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú. §³§Ñ§Û§ä §Ù§ß§Ñ§Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä §ã§à §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§à§Û §Ú §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ö§Û §Ó§ã§Ö§Û §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§í §°§°§¯ §Ú §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §ã§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à §ä§à§Þ, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §à§ß§Ñ §â§Ö§Ñ§Ô§Ú§â§å§Ö§ä §ß§Ñ §Ó§í§Ù§à§Ó§í §ã§à§Ó§â§Ö§Þ§Ö§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.

§£ §ï§á§à§ç§å, §Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §á§â§à§Ò§Ý§Ö§Þ§í §á§â§Ú§à§Ò§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§ð§ä §Ó§ã§Ö §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ç§Ñ§â§Ñ§Ü§ä§Ö§â, §Ñ §ã§å§Õ§î§Ò§í §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û §ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ù§â§í§Ó§ß§à §ã§Ó§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§í §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å §ã§à§Ò§à§Û, §Ü§Ñ§Ü §ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ô§Õ§Ñ §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à §á§à§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§ä§î, §é§ä§à §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §ã§à§Ò§à§Û §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û ¡ª §Ó §é§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ §Ö§Ö §è§Ö§Ý§Ú, §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §Ú§Õ§Ö§Ñ§Ý§í.

§ª§Ý§Ý§ð§ã§ä§â§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§Ö §Ú§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ö §£§ã§Ö§à§Ò§ë§Ö§Û §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ. §¡§Ó§ä§à§â §Ú§Ý§Ý§ð§ã§ä§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Û ¡ª §Á§ã§Ú§ß §¡§Ú§ä §¬§Ñ§ã§Ú.

§±§à§ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§ß§Ú§Ö §ß§à§Ó§à§ã§ä§Ú §à§Ò §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §æ§à§ä§à- §Ú §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§à-§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ö§â§Ú§Ñ§Ý§í, §á§à§Õ§Ô§à§ä§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§ß§í§Ö §¥§Ö§á§Ñ§â§ä§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §Ü§à§Þ§Þ§å§ß§Ú§Ü§Ñ§è§Ú§Û.

§°§â§Ú§Ô§Ú§ß§Ñ§Ý §µ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §°§°§¯ §Ó §ê§ä§Ñ§Ò-§Ü§Ó§Ñ§â§ä§Ú§â§Ö §°§°§¯ §Ó §¯§î§ð-§«§à§â§Ü§Ö. §¶§à§ä§à §°§°§¯

§µ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó §°§°§¯

§µ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ò§í§Ý §á§à§Õ§á§Ú§ã§Ñ§ß 26 §Ú§ð§ß§ñ 1945 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §³§Ñ§ß-§¶§â§Ñ§ß§è§Ú§ã§Ü§à §á§à §Ù§Ñ§Ó§Ö§â§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §¬§à§ß§æ§Ö§â§Ö§ß§è§Ú§Ú §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §á§à §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §Ú §Ó§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§Ý §Ó §ã§Ú§Ý§å 24 §à§Ü§ä§ñ§Ò§â§ñ 1945 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ. §³§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à §µ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§å, §°§°§¯ §ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä §ã§Ó§à§Ö§Û §è§Ö§Ý§î§ð:
  • §Ú§Ù§Ò§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Ô§â§ñ§Õ§å§ë§Ú§Ö §á§à§Ü§à§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §à§ä §Ò§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§Û §Ó§à§Û§ß§í;
  • §Ó§ß§à§Ó§î §å§ä§Ó§Ö§â§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ö§â§å §Ó §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ;
  • §ã§à§Ù§Õ§Ñ§ä§î §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§ñ, §á§â§Ú §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§ç §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §ã§à§Ò§Ý§ð§Õ§Ñ§ä§î§ã§ñ §ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ý§Ú§Ó§à§ã§ä§î §Ú §å§Ó§Ñ§Ø§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö §Ü §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ§Þ, §Ó§í§ä§Ö§Ü§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Ú§Ù §Õ§à§Ô§à§Ó§à§â§à§Ó §Ú §Õ§â§å§Ô§Ú§ç §Ú§ã§ä§à§é§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Ó §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ;
  • §ã§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §ã§à§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ö§ã§ã§å §Ú §å§Ý§å§é§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §å§ã§Ý§à§Ó§Ú§Û §Ø§Ú§Ù§ß§Ú §á§â§Ú §Ò§à§Ý§î§ê§Ö§Û §ã§Ó§à§Ò§à§Õ§Ö.
§¿§Ý§Ö§à§ß§à§â§Ñ §²§å§Ù§Ó§Ö§Ý§î§ä §Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ú§ä §á§Ý§Ñ§Ü§Ñ§ä §£§ã§Ö§à§Ò§ë§Ö§Û §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, 1949 §Ô§à§Õ. §¶§à§ä§à §°§°§¯

§£§ã§Ö§à§Ò§ë§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ

§£§ã§Ö§à§Ò§ë§Ñ§ñ §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§à§á§à§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ñ§ð§ë§Ú§Þ §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§à§Þ §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§é§Ö§ã§Ü§à§Û §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §´§Ö§Ü§ã§ä §¥§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §ñ§Ó§Ú§Ý§ã§ñ §â§Ö§Ù§å§Ý§î§ä§Ñ§ä§à§Þ §ä§Ö§ã§ß§à§Ô§à §Ó§Ù§Ñ§Ú§Þ§à§Õ§Ö§Û§ã§ä§Ó§Ú§ñ §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§ä§à§Ó §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ, §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ó§ê§Ú§ç §Ó§ã§Ö §â§Ö§Ô§Ú§à§ß§í §á§Ý§Ñ§ß§Ö§ä§í. §¥§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §Ò§í§Ý§Ñ §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä§Ñ §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ö§Û §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ó §±§Ñ§â§Ú§Ø§Ö 10 §Õ§Ö§Ü§Ñ§Ò§â§ñ 1948 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ §Ó §Ü§Ñ§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ö §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä§Ñ, §á§â§Ú§ß§è§Ú§á§Ñ§Þ, §Ú§Ù§Ý§à§Ø§Ö§ß§ß§í§Þ §Ó §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Þ, §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§í §ã§Ý§Ö§Õ§à§Ó§Ñ§ä§î §Ó§ã§Ö §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§í §Ú §ã§ä§â§Ñ§ß§í. §£§á§Ö§â§Ó§í§Ö §Ó §Ú§ã§ä§à§â§Ú§Ú §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ò§í§Ý §á§â§Ú§ß§ñ§ä §Õ§à§Ü§å§Þ§Ö§ß§ä, §á§â§à§Ó§à§Ù§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§Ú§Ó§ê§Ú§Û §ß§Ö§à§Ò§ç§à§Õ§Ú§Þ§à§ã§ä§î §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§í §à§ã§ß§à§Ó§ß§í§ç §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ. §¥§Ö§Ü§Ý§Ñ§â§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §á§Ö§â§Ö§Ó§Ö§Õ§Ö§ß§Ñ §ß§Ñ §Ò§à§Ý§Ö§Ö 500 §ñ§Ù§í§Ü§à§Ó.

 

§¶§Ý§Ñ§Ô§Ú §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó-§é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Ó §å §Ù§Õ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §³§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ñ §°§°§¯. §¶§à§ä§à §°§°§¯

§¤§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ-§é§Ý§Ö§ß§í

§³§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§ß§à §µ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§å §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, ?§á§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ó §é§Ý§Ö§ß§í §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §à§ä§Ü§â§í§ä §Õ§Ý§ñ §Ó§ã§Ö§ç §Þ§Ú§â§à§Ý§ð§Ò§Ú§Ó§í§ç §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö §á§â§Ú§Þ§å§ä §ß§Ñ §ã§Ö§Ò§ñ §ã§à§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Ö§ã§ñ §Ó §µ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ö §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Ö, §á§à §ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Þ§à§Ô§å§ä §Ú §Ø§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ð§ä §ï§ä§Ú §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ó§í§á§à§Ý§ß§ñ§ä§î?. §±§â§Ú§Ö§Þ §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó §Ó §é§Ý§Ö§ß§í §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §á§â§à§Ú§Ù§Ó§à§Õ§Ú§ä§ã§ñ §â§Ö§ê§Ö§ß§Ú§Ö§Þ §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Û §¡§ã§ã§Ñ§Þ§Ò§Ý§Ö§Ú §á§à §â§Ö§Ü§à§Þ§Ö§ß§Õ§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §¢§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú. §£ §ß§Ñ§ã§ä§à§ñ§ë§Ö§Ö §Ó§â§Ö§Þ§ñ §é§Ý§Ö§ß§Ñ§Þ§Ú §°§°§¯ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§ð§ä§ã§ñ 193 §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ. §¥§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ù§Ñ §ã§é§Ö§ä §Ó§Ù§ß§à§ã§à§Ó §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó-§é§Ý§Ö§ß§à§Ó.
§¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§î §¡§ß§ä§à§ß§Ú§å §¤§å§ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ê (§ã§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ñ) §Ú §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ñ §¡§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ §®§à§ç§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ö§Õ

§²§å§Ü§à§Ó§à§Õ§ã§ä§Ó§à

§¢§å§Õ§å§é§Ú §Ó §â§Ñ§Ó§ß§à§Û §Þ§Ö§â§Ö §Õ§Ú§á§Ý§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§à§Þ §Ú §á§à§Ò§à§â§ß§Ú§Ü§à§Þ §á§â§Ñ§Ó, §Ô§â§Ñ§Ø§Õ§Ñ§ß§ã§Ü§Ú§Þ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ñ§ë§Ú§Þ §Ú §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§í§Þ §Ñ§Õ§Þ§Ú§ß§Ú§ã§ä§â§Ñ§ä§Ú§Ó§ß§í§Þ §Õ§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§ß§í§Þ §Ý§Ú§è§à§Þ, §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§î §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §ã§Ú§Þ§Ó§à§Ý§à§Þ §Ú§Õ§Ö§Ñ§Ý§à§Ó §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §Ú §Ó§í§â§Ñ§Ø§Ñ§Ö§ä §Ú§ß§ä§Ö§â§Ö§ã§í §ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§à§Ó §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §Ó §é§Ñ§ã§ä§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §ß§Ö§Ú§Þ§å§ë§Ú§ç §Ú §å§ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§Þ§í§ç §ã§Ý§à§Ö§Ó §ß§Ñ§ã§Ö§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ. §¯§í§ß§Ö§ê§ß§Ú§Þ, §Õ§Ö§Ó§ñ§ä§í§Þ §á§à §ã§é§Ö§ä§å, §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§Ö§Þ §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ô-§ß §¡§ß§ä§à§ß§Ú§å?§¤§å§ä§Ö§â§â§Ú§ê, §±§à§â§ä§å§Ô§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ñ, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§í§Û §á§â§Ú§ã§ä§å§á§Ú§Ý §Ü §Ú§ã§á§à§Ý§ß§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ã§Ó§à§Ú§ç §à§Ò§ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ö§Û 1 §ñ§ß§Ó§Ñ§â§ñ 2017 §Ô§à§Õ§Ñ. §¥§à§Ý§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §±§Ö§â§Ó§à§Ô§à §Ù§Ñ§Þ§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§ñ §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ñ (§±§©§¤§³), §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§ß§Ñ§ñ §Ó 1997 §Ô§à§Õ§å §ã §è§Ö§Ý§î§ð §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Þ§å §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ð §Ó §å§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î§ð §³§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§Ú§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Ú §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§Ú §ã§à§Ô§Ý§Ñ§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §Ú §á§â§à§Ô§â§Ñ§Þ§Þ, §Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§Þ§Ñ§Ö§ä §¡§Þ§Ú§ß§Ñ §®§à§ç§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ö§Õ.
§¯§à§Ò§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ó§ã§Ü§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ. §¶§à§ä§à §°§°§¯

§¯§Ñ§Ô§â§Ñ§Õ§í §°§°§¯

§©§Ñ 70 §Ý§Ö§ä §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û, §Ö§Ö §ã§á§Ö§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§Ú§Ù§Ú§â§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§ß§í§Ö §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Ú §á§Ö§â§ã§à§ß§Ñ§Ý §å§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý§Ú§ã§î §¯§à§Ò§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ó§ã§Ü§à§Û §á§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§Ú §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §à§Õ§Ú§ß§ß§Ñ§Õ§è§Ñ§ä§î §â§Ñ§Ù. §°§Õ§ß§à§Þ§å §Ú§Ù §å§é§â§Ö§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§Û, §µ§á§â§Ñ§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §£§Ö§â§ç§à§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ñ§â§Ñ §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §á§à §Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§Þ §Ò§Ö§Ø§Ö§ß§è§Ö§Ó, §ï§ä§Ñ §á§â§Ö§ã§ä§Ú§Ø§ß§Ñ§ñ §á§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§ñ §á§â§Ú§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ñ§Ý§Ñ§ã§î §Õ§Ó§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í. §¯§à§â§Ó§Ö§Ø§ã§Ü§Ú§Û §Ü§à§Þ§Ú§ä§Ö§ä §á§à §á§â§Ú§ã§å§Ø§Õ§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §ß§à§Ò§Ö§Ý§Ö§Ó§ã§Ü§Ú§ç §á§â§Ö§Þ§Ú§Û §Õ§Ó§Ñ§Ø§Õ§í §å§Õ§à§ã§ä§Ñ§Ú§Ó§Ñ§Ý §ï§ä§à§Û §é§Ö§ã§ä§Ú §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§ç §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§Ö§Û ¡ª §¬§à§æ§Ú §¡§ß§ß§Ñ§ß§Ñ §Ú §¥§Ñ§Ô§Ñ §·§Ñ§Þ§Þ§Ñ§â§ê§Ö§Ý§î§Õ§Ñ.
§¶§Ý§Ñ§Ô §°§°§¯. §¶§à§ä§à §°§°§¯

§° §ß§Ñ§ê§Ö§Û §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ö

§°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §ñ§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §Ô§Ý§à§Ò§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Þ §æ§à§â§å§Þ§à§Þ, §Ó §â§Ñ§Þ§Ü§Ñ§ç §Ü§à§ä§à§â§à§Ô§à §Ô§à§ã§å§Õ§Ñ§â§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ §Ú§Þ§Ö§ð§ä §Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§ã§ä§î §à§Ò§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ä§î §Ó§Ñ§Ø§ß§Ö§Û§ê§Ú§Ö §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í, §Ó§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§ñ §Ó§à§á§â§à§ã§í §Ó§à§Û§ß§í §Ú §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ. §±§à§Þ§Ú§Þ§à §Ù§Ñ§Õ§Ñ§é §á§à §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §°§°§¯ §à§ã§å§ë§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ý§ñ§Ö§ä §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§î §á§à §Ù§Ñ§ë§Ú§ä§Ö §á§â§Ñ§Ó §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§Ü§Ñ, §à§Ü§Ñ§Ù§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ô§å§Þ§Ñ§ß§Ú§ä§Ñ§â§ß§à§Û §á§à§Þ§à§ë§Ú, §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Ô§à §á§â§Ñ§Ó§à§ã§å§Õ§Ú§ñ, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ñ §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ.

§¬§â§Ñ§ä§Ü§à §à §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ö, §Þ§Ú§ã§ã§Ú§Ú §Ú §Õ§Ö§ñ§ä§Ö§Ý§î§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û ¡ª §Þ§Ö§Ø§Õ§å§ß§Ñ§â§à§Õ§ß§à§Û §à§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú, §Ü§à§ä§à§â§Ñ§ñ §á§à§Þ§à§Ô§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Õ§Ö§Ý§Ñ§ä§î §Þ§Ú§â §Ý§å§é§ê§Ö.

§¬§â§Ñ§ä§Ü§à§Ö §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§à §â§Ñ§ã§ã§Ü§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§Ö§ä §à §ã§ä§â§å§Ü§ä§å§â§Ö §Ú §æ§å§ß§Ü§è§Ú§ñ§ç §³§à§Ó§Ö§ä§Ñ §¢§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú.

§°§á§Ö§â§Ñ§è§Ú§Ú §°§°§¯ §á§à §á§à§Õ§Õ§Ö§â§Ø§Ñ§ß§Ú§ð §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §ã§á§à§ã§à§Ò§ã§ä§Ó§å§ð§ä §å§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ý§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ §Ú §Ò§Ö§Ù§à§á§Ñ§ã§ß§à§ã§ä§Ú, §Ñ §ä§Ñ§Ü§Ø§Ö §à§Ò§Ö§ã§á§Ö§é§Ö§ß§Ú§ð §Ò§Ý§Ñ§Ô§à§ã§à§ã§ä§à§ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ý§ð§Õ§Ö§Û.

§²§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§å §¤§Ö§ß§Ö§â§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§à§Ô§à §ã§Ö§Ü§â§Ö§ä§Ñ§â§ñ §°§°§¯ §ß§Ñ§Ù§í§Ó§Ñ§ð§ä ?§ã§Ñ§Þ§à§Û §ß§Ö§Ó§à§Ù§Þ§à§Ø§ß§à§Û §ß§Ñ §©§Ö§Þ§Ý§Ö?. §£ §é§Ö§Þ §Ù§Ñ§Ü§Ý§ð§é§Ñ§Ö§ä§ã§ñ §â§à§Ý§î §Ô§Ý§Ñ§Ó§ß§à§Ô§à §Õ§Ú§á§Ý§à§Þ§Ñ§ä§Ñ §Þ§Ú§â§Ñ, §ß§Ñ§ç§à§Õ§ñ§ë§Ö§Ô§à§ã§ñ §ß§Ñ §ã§Ý§å§Ø§Ò§Ö §Ó§ã§Ö§Ô§à §é§Ö§Ý§à§Ó§Ö§é§Ö§ã§ä§Ó§Ñ?

§¹§ä§à §ä§Ñ§Ü§à§Ö §¸§Ö§Ý§Ú §Ó §à§Ò§Ý§Ñ§ã§ä§Ú §å§ã§ä§à§Û§é§Ú§Ó§à§Ô§à §â§Ñ§Ù§Ó§Ú§ä§Ú§ñ? ¡ª §à§ä§Ó§Ö§ä §Ó §ï§ä§à§Þ §Ü§à§â§à§ä§Ü§à§Þ §Ó§Ú§Õ§Ö§à.

§°§æ§Ú§è§Ú§Ñ§Ý§î§ß§í§Û §á§â§Ö§Õ§ã§ä§Ñ§Ó§Ú§ä§Ö§Ý§î §°§°§¯ §à§Ò§ì§ñ§ã§ß§ñ§Ö§ä, §Þ§à§Ø§Ö§ä §Ý§Ú §°§â§Ô§Ñ§ß§Ú§Ù§Ñ§è§Ú§ñ §°§Ò§ì§Ö§Õ§Ú§ß§Ö§ß§ß§í§ç §¯§Ñ§è§Ú§Û §à§ã§ä§Ñ§ß§à§Ó§Ú§ä§î §Ó§à§Û§ß§å §Ú §Ü§Ñ§Ü §â§Ñ§Ò§à§ä§Ñ§Ö§ä §ã§Ú§ã§ä§Ö§Þ§Ñ §Ô§à§Ý§à§ã§à§Ó§Ñ§ß§Ú§ñ §Ó §°§°§¯.